中华人民共和国加入议定书(英文本)

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中华人民共和国加入议定书(英文本)

世界贸易组织法律文件


PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


Preamble

The World Trade Organization ("WTO"), pursuant to the approval of the Ministerial Conference of the WTO accorded under Article XII of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ("WTO Agreement"), and the People's Republic of China ("China"),

Recalling that China was an original contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947,

Taking note that China is a signatory to the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,

Taking note of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China in document WT/ACC/CHN/49 ("Working Party Report"),

Having regard to the results of the negotiations concerning China's membership in the WTO,

Agree as follows:

Part I - General Provisions

1. General

1. Upon accession, China accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Article XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a Member of the WTO.

2. The WTO Agreement to which China accedes shall be the WTO Agreement as rectified, amended or otherwise modified by such legal instruments as may have entered into force before the date of accession. This Protocol, which shall include the commitments referred to in paragraph 342 of the Working Party Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, those obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with entry into force of that Agreement shall be implemented by China as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry into force.

4. China may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1of Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ("GATS") provided that such a measure is recorded in the List of Article II Exemptions annexed to this Protocol and meets the conditions of the Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions.

2. Administration of the Trade Regime

(A) Uniform Administration

1. The provisions of the WTO Agreement and this Protocol shall apply to the entire customs territory of China, including border trade regions and minority autonomous areas, Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities, economic and technical development zones and other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations are established (collectively referred to as "special economic areas").

2. China shall apply and administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations and other measures of the central government as well as local regulations, rules and other measures issued or applied at the sub-national level (collectively referred to as "laws, regulations and other measures") pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ("TRIPS") or the control of foreign exchange.

3. China's local regulations, rules and other measures of local governments at the sub-national level shall conform to the obligations undertaken in the WTO Agreement and this Protocol.

4. China shall establish a mechanism under which individuals and enterprises can bring to the attention of the national authorities cases of non-uniform application of the trade regime.

(B) Special Economic Areas

1. China shall notify to the WTO all the relevant laws, regulations and other measures relating to its special economic areas, listing these areas by name and indicating the geographic boundaries that define them. China shall notify the WTO promptly, but in any case within 60 days, of any additions or modifications to its special economic areas, including notification of the laws, regulations and other measures relating thereto.

2. China shall apply to imported products, including physically incorporated components, introduced into the other parts of China's customs territory from the special economic areas, all taxes, charges and measures affecting imports, including import restrictions and customs and tariff charges, that are normally applied to imports into the other parts of China's customs territory.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, in providing preferential arrangements for enterprises within such special economic areas, WTO provisions on non-discrimination and national treatment shall be fully observed.

(C) Transparency

1. China undertakes that only those laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange that are published and readily available to other WTO Members, individuals and enterprises, shall be enforced. In addition, China shall make available to WTO Members, upon request, all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange before such measures are implemented or enforced. In emergency situations, laws, regulations and other measures shall be made available at the latest when they are implemented or enforced.

2. China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and, after publication of its laws, regulations or other measures in such journal, shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented, except for those laws, regulations and other measures involving national security, specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or monetary policy and other measures the publication of which would impede law enforcement. China shall publish this journal on a regular basis and make copies of all issues of this journal readily available to individuals and enterprises.

3. China shall establish or designate an enquiry point where, upon request of any individual, enterprise or WTO Member all information relating to the measures required to be published under paragraph 2(C)1 of this Protocol may be obtained. Replies to requests for information shall generally be provided within 30 days after receipt of a request. In exceptional cases, replies may be provided within 45 days after receipt of a request. Notice of the delay and the reasons therefor shall be provided in writing to the interested party. Replies to WTO Members shall be complete and shall represent the authoritative view of the Chinese government. Accurate and reliable information shall be provided to individuals and enterprises.

(D) Judicial Review

1. China shall establish, or designate, and maintain tribunals, contact points and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions relating to the implementation of laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application referred to in Article X:1 of the GATT 1994, Article VI of the GATS and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. Such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. If the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing. The appellant shall also be informed of any right to further appeal.

3. Non-discrimination

Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of:

(a) the procurement of inputs and goods and services necessary for production and the conditions under which their goods are produced, marketed or sold, in the domestic market and for export; and

(b) the prices and availability of goods and services supplied by national and sub-national authorities and public or state enterprises, in areas including transportation, energy, basic telecommunications, other utilities and factors of production.

4. Special Trade Arrangements

Upon accession, China shall eliminate or bring into conformity with the WTO Agreement all special trade arrangements, including barter trade arrangements, with third countries and separate customs territories, which are not in conformity with the WTO Agreement.

5. Right to Trade

1. Without prejudice to China's right to regulate trade in a manner consistent with the WTO Agreement, China shall progressively liberalize the availability and scope of the right to trade, so that, within three years after accession, all enterprises in China shall have the right to trade in all goods throughout the customs territory of China, except for those goods listed in Annex 2A which continue to be subject to state trading in accordance with this Protocol. Such right to trade shall be the right to import and export goods. All such goods shall be accorded national treatment under Article III of the GATT 1994, especially paragraph 4 thereof, in respect of their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use, including their direct access to end-users. For those goods listed in Annex 2B, China shall phase out limitation on the grant of trading rights pursuant to the schedule in that Annex. China shall complete all necessary legislative procedures to implement these provisions during the transition period.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, all foreign individuals and enterprises, including those not invested or registered in China, shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to enterprises in China with respect to the right to trade.

6. State Trading

1. China shall ensure that import purchasing procedures of state trading enterprises are fully transparent, and in compliance with the WTO Agreement, and shall refrain from taking any measure to influence or direct state trading enterprises as to the quantity, value, or country of origin of goods purchased or sold, except in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

2. As part of China's notification under the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, China shall also provide full information on the pricing mechanisms of its state trading enterprises for exported goods.

7. Non-Tariff Measures

1. China shall implement the schedule for phased elimination of the measures contained in Annex 3. During the periods specified in Annex 3, the protection afforded by the measures listed in that Annex shall not be increased or expanded in size, scope or duration, nor shall any new measures be applied, unless in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement.

2. In implementing the provisions of Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture, China shall eliminate and shall not introduce, re-introduce or apply non-tariff measures that cannot be justified under the provisions of the WTO Agreement. For all non-tariff measures, whether or not referred to in Annex 3, that are applied after the date of accession, consistent with the WTO Agreement or this Protocol, China shall allocate and otherwise administer such measures in strict conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including GATT 1994 and Article XIII thereof, and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, including notification requirements.

3. China shall, upon accession, comply with the TRIMs Agreement, without recourse to the provisions of Article 5 of the TRIMs Agreement. China shall eliminate and cease to enforce trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, local content and export or performance requirements made effective through laws, regulations or other measures. Moreover, China will not enforce provisions of contracts imposing such requirements. Without prejudice to the relevant provisions of this Protocol, China shall ensure that the distribution of import licences, quotas, tariff-rate quotas, or any other means of approval for importation, the right of importation or investment by national and sub-national authorities, is not conditioned on: whether competing domestic suppliers of such products exist; or performance requirements of any kind, such as local content, offsets, the transfer of technology, export performance or the conduct of research and development in China.

4. Import and export prohibitions and restrictions, and licensing requirements affecting imports and exports shall only be imposed and enforced by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities. Such measures which are not imposed by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities, shall not be implemented or enforced.

8. Import and Export Licensing

1. In implementing the WTO Agreement and provisions of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, China shall undertake the following measures to facilitate compliance with these agreements:

(a) China shall publish on a regular basis the following in the official journal referred to in paragraph 2(C)2 of this Protocol:

- by product, the list of all organizations, including those organizations delegated such authority by the national authorities, that are responsible for authorizing or approving imports or exports, whether through grant of licence or other approval;

- procedures and criteria for obtaining such import or export licences or other approvals, and the conditions for deciding whether they should be granted;

- a list of all products, by tariff number, that are subject to tendering requirements, including information on products subject to such tendering requirements and any changes, pursuant to the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;

- a list of all goods and technologies whose import or export are restricted or prohibited; these goods shall also be notified to the Committee on Import Licensing;

- any changes to the list of goods and technologies whose import and export are restricted or prohibited.

Copies of these submissions in one or more official languages of the WTO shall be forwarded to the WTO for circulation to WTO Members and for submission to the Committee on Import Licensing within 75 days of each publication.

(b) China shall notify the WTO of all licensing and quota requirements remaining in effect after accession, listed separately by HS tariff line and with the quantities associated with the restriction, if any, and the justification for maintaining the restriction or its scheduled date of termination.

(c) China shall submit the notification of its import licensing procedures to the Committee on Import Licensing. China shall report annually to the Committee on Import Licensing on its automatic import licensing procedures, explaining the circumstances which give rise to these requirements and justifying the need for their continuation. This report shall also provide the information listed in Article 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.

(d) China shall issue import licences for a minimum duration of validity of six months, except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. In such cases, China shall promptly notify the Committee on Import Licensing of the exceptional circumstances requiring the shorter period of licence validity.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the distribution of import and export licences and quotas.

9. Price Controls

1. China shall, subject to paragraph 2 below, allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services shall be eliminated.

2. The goods and services listed in Annex 4 may be subject to price controls, consistent with the WTO Agreement, in particular Article III of the GATT 1994 and Annex 2, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Except in exceptional circumstances, and subject to notification to the WTO, price controls shall not be extended to goods or services beyond those listed in Annex 4, and China shall make best efforts to reduce and eliminate these controls.

3. China shall publish in the official journal the list of goods and services subject to state pricing and changes thereto.

10. Subsidies

1. China shall notify the WTO of any subsidy within the meaning of Article 1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"), granted or maintained in its territory, organized by specific product, including those subsidies defined in Article 3 of the SCM Agreement. The information provided should be as specific as possible, following the requirements of the questionnaire on subsidies as noted in Article 25 of the SCM Agreement.

2. For purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the SCM Agreement, subsidies provided to state-owned enterprises will be viewed as specific if, inter alia, state-owned enterprises are the predominant recipients of such subsidies or state-owned enterprises receive disproportionately large amounts of such subsidies.

3. China shall eliminate all subsidy programmes falling within the scope of Article 3 of the SCM Agreement upon accession.

11. Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports

1. China shall ensure that customs fees or charges applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities, shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

2. China shall ensure that internal taxes and charges, including value-added taxes, applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

3. China shall eliminate all taxes and charges applied to exports unless specifically provided for in Annex 6 of this Protocol or applied in conformity with the provisions of Article VIII of the GATT 1994.

4. Foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall, upon accession, be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the provision of border tax adjustments.

12. Agriculture

1. China shall implement the provisions contained in China's Schedule of Concessions and Commitments on Goods and, as specifically provided in this Protocol, those of the Agreement on Agriculture. In this context, China shall not maintain or introduce any export subsidies on agricultural products.

2. China shall, under the Transitional Review Mechanism, notify fiscal and other transfers between or among state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector (whether national or sub-national) and other enterprises that operate as state trading enterprises in the agricultural sector.

13. Technical Barriers to Trade

1. China shall publish in the official journal all criteria, whether formal or informal, that are the basis for a technical regulation, standard or conformity assessment procedure.

2. China shall, upon accession, bring into conformity with the TBT Agreement all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.

3. China shall apply conformity assessment procedures to imported products only to determine compliance with technical regulations and standards that are consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and the WTO Agreement. Conformity assessment bodies will determine the conformity of imported products with commercial terms of contracts only if authorized by the parties to such contract. China shall ensure that such inspection of products for compliance with the commercial terms of contracts does not affect customs clearance or the granting of import licences for such products.

4. (a) Upon accession, China shall ensure that the same technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are applied to both imported and domestic products. In order to ensure a smooth transition from the current system, China shall ensure that, upon accession, all certification, safety licensing, and quality licensing bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake these activities for both imported and domestic products, and that, one year after accession, all conformity assessment bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake conformity assessment for both imported and domestic products. The choice of body or agency shall be at the discretion of the applicant. For imported and domestic products, all bodies and agencies shall issue the same mark and charge the same fee. They shall also provide the same processing periods and complaint procedures. Imported products shall not be subject to more than one conformity assessment. China shall publish and make readily available to other WTO Members, individuals, and enterprises full information on the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies and agencies.

(b) No later than 18 months after accession, China shall assign the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies solely on the basis of the scope of work and type of product without any consideration of the origin of a product. The respective responsibilities that will be assigned to China's conformity assessment bodies will be notified to the TBT Committee 12 months after accession.

14. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

China shall notify to the WTO all laws, regulations and other measures relating to its sanitary and phytosanitary measures, including product coverage and relevant international standards, guidelines and recommendations, within 30 days after accession.

15. Price Comparability in Determining Subsidies and Dumping

Article VI of the GATT 1994, the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("Anti-Dumping Agreement") and the SCM Agreement shall apply in proceedings involving imports of Chinese origin into a WTO Member consistent with the following:

(a) In determining price comparability under Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the importing WTO Member shall use either Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation or a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China based on the following rules:

(i) If the producers under investigation can clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to the manufacture, production and sale of that product, the importing WTO Member shall use Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation in determining price comparability;

(ii) The importing WTO Member may use a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China if the producers under investigation cannot clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to manufacture, production and sale of that product.

(b) In proceedings under Parts II, III and V of the SCM Agreement, when addressing subsidies described in Articles 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(d), relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement shall apply; however, if there are special difficulties in that application, the importing WTO Member may then use methodologies for identifying and measuring the subsidy benefit which take into account the possibility that prevailing terms and conditions in China may not always be available as appropriate benchmarks. In applying such methodologies, where practicable, the importing WTO Member should adjust such prevailing terms and conditions before considering the use of terms and conditions prevailing outside China.

(c) The importing WTO Member shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (a) to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices and shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (b) to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

(d) Once China has established, under the national law of the importing WTO Member, that it is a market economy, the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall be terminated provided that the importing Member's national law contains market economy criteria as of the date of accession. In any event, the provisions of subparagraph (a)(ii) shall expire 15 years after the date of accession. In addition, should China establish, pursuant to the national law of the importing WTO Member, that market economy conditions prevail in a particular industry or sector, the non-market economy provisions of subparagraph (a) shall no longer apply to that industry or sector.

16. Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism

1. In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

2. If, in the course of these bilateral consultations, it is agreed that imports of Chinese origin are such a cause and that action is necessary, China shall take such action as to prevent or remedy the market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

3. If consultations do not lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member concerned within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations, the WTO Member affected shall be free, in respect of such products, to withdraw concessions or otherwise to limit imports only to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

4. Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.

5. Prior to application of a measure pursuant to paragraph 3, the WTO Member taking such action shall provide reasonable public notice to all interested parties and provide adequate opportunity for importers, exporters and other interested parties to submit their views and evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed measure and whether it would be in the public interest. The WTO Member shall provide written notice of the decision to apply a measure, including the reasons for such measure and its scope and duration.

6. A WTO Member shall apply a measure pursuant to this Section only for such period of time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the market disruption. If a measure is taken as a result of a relative increase in the level of imports, China has the right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than two years. However, if a measure is taken as a result of an absolute increase in imports, China has a right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than three years. Any such action by China shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

7. In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, the WTO Member so affected may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that imports have caused or threatened to cause market disruption. In this case, notification of the measures taken to the Committee on Safeguards and a request for bilateral consultations shall be effected immediately thereafter. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days during which the pertinent requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall be met. The duration of any provisional measure shall be counted toward the period provided for under paragraph 6.

8. If a WTO Member considers that an action taken under paragraphs 2, 3 or 7 causes or threatens to cause significant diversions of trade into its market, it may request consultations with China and/or the WTO Member concerned. Such consultations shall be held within 30 days after the request is notified to the Committee on Safeguards. If such consultations fail to lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member or Members concerned within 60 days after the notification, the requesting WTO Member shall be free, in respect of such product, to withdraw concessions accorded to or otherwise limit imports from China, to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such diversions. Such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

9. Application of this Section shall be terminated 12 years after the date of accession.

17. Reservations by WTO Members

All prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures maintained by WTO Members against imports from China in a manner inconsistent with the WTO Agreement are listed in Annex 7. All such prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures shall be phased out or dealt with in accordance with mutually agreed terms and timetables as specified in the said Annex.

18. Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Those subsidiary bodies1 of the WTO which have a mandate covering China's commitments under the WTO Agreement or this Protocol shall, within one year after accession and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review, as appropriate to their mandate, the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and of the related provisions of this Protocol. China shall provide relevant information, including information specified in Annex 1A, to each subsidiary body in advance of the review. China can also raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol, in those subsidiary bodies which have a relevant mandate. Each subsidiary body shall report the results of such review promptly to the relevant Council established by paragraph 5 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, if applicable, which shall in turn report promptly to the General Council.

2. The General Council shall, within one year after accession, and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and the provisions of this Protocol. The General Council shall conduct such review in accordance with the framework set out in Annex 1B and in the light of the results of any reviews held pursuant to paragraph 1. China also can raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol. The General Council may make recommendations to China and to other Members in these respects.

3. Consideration of issues pursuant to this Section shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Member, including China, under the WTO Agreement or any Plurilateral Trade Agreement, and shall not preclude or be a precondition to recourse to consultation or other provisions of the WTO Agreement or this Protocol.

4. The review provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 will take place after accession in each year for eight years. Thereafter there will be a final review in year 10 or at an earlier date decided by the General Council.

Part II - Schedules

1. The Schedules annexed to this Protocol shall become the Schedule of Concessions and Commitments annexed to the GATT 1994 and the Schedule of Specific Commitments annexed to the GATS relating to China. The staging of concessions and commitments listed in the Schedules shall be implemented as specified in the relevant parts of the relevant Schedules.

2. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6(a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Concessions and Commitments annexed to this Protocol shall be the date of accession.

Part III - Final Provisions

1. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by China until 1 January 2002.

2. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the day of its acceptance.

3. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by China thereof, pursuant to paragraph 1 of Part III of this Protocol, to each WTO Member and to China.

4. This Protocol shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Done at Doha this tenth day of November two thousand and one, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it is authentic in only one or more of these languages.

1 Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Council for Trade in Services, Committees on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Market Access (covering also ITA), Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping Measures, Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Trade-Related Investment Measures, Safeguards, Trade in Financial Services.

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北京市人民政府关于改革城市建设方式加强综合开发建设若干问题的暂行规定

北京市政府


北京市人民政府关于改革城市建设方式加强综合开发建设若干问题的暂行规定
市政府



在中共中央书记处对首都建设方针的四项指示和中共中央、国务院对《北京城市建设总体规划方案》重要批复的指引下,近年来,本市在改革城市建设方式,逐步推行统一规划、综合开发、配套建设方面,取得了初步进展。实践表明,城市建设实行综合开发,有利于成街连片地改造旧? 恰⒔ㄉ栊虑朔稚⒔ㄉ璧谋锥耍媸迪止婊螅挥欣诩杏邢薜某鞘薪ㄉ枳式穑侠戆才懦鞘谢∩枋┖头课萁ㄉ瑁菇ǔ汕晌涮淄晟啤⒐δ芷肴墓ぷ骱蜕罨肪常挥欣诎凑丈缁峄笊姆绞阶橹鞘薪ㄉ瑁岣呓ㄉ杷俣群屯蹲市б妫挥欣谕菩薪ㄖ飞唐坊
俳ㄖ档姆⒄埂? 但是,由于分散投资、条块分割的建设体制的制约,本市城市建设综合开发的规模还比较小。城市建设中长期存在的城市规划落后于城市建设、城市建设投资比例不合理、城市基础设施欠账严重、旧城改造进展缓慢、城市功能不配套的状况仍未得到根本转变。综合开发事业本身也还存
在着开发计划同城市建设的规划、计划脱节,组织领导不够有力,缺乏统一的政策和法规,各部门之间的工作不够协调等问题。
为进一步落实中共中央、国务院对《北京城市建设总体规划方案》重要批复中关于要“积极改革城市建设的管理体制,解决条块分割、分散建设、计划同规划脱节等问题”和“要坚决地、有步骤地实行由北京市统一规划、统一开发、统一建设的体制”的指示精神,解决目前综合开发的
有关政策和管理体制问题,特作如下规定。
一、在本市规划市区内进行城市建设,应以综合开发方式为主。凡可以成片建设的地区,都要实行统一规划、综合开发、配套建设。
1、依据城市规划和基本建设计划,编制城市建设综合开发计划。综合开发计划的主要任务是:合理确定开发区的规模、布局和建设进度,统筹安排开发区的市政公用设施和各类房屋建设,着重安排好开发区的建设用地开发,并要处理好新区建设和旧城改造的关系。开发区必须按照城
市规划的要求,配套建设各种公共设施。以建设住宅为主的开发区,必须严格按照《北京市人民政府关于新建居住区公共设施配套建设的规定》执行。
城市建设综合开发计划,由市城乡建设委员会(以下简称市建委)、市计划委员会(以下简称市计委)会同有关部门编制.
2、开发区的建设用地,由市土地管理局按照综合开发计划统一划拨给城市建设开发公司(以下简称开发公司),进行七通一平(即通上水、下水、电力、电信、煤气、热力、道路和平整场地),创造建设条件。
3、凡经首都规划建设委员会批准在规划市区内安排建设的项目,除少数特殊项目须经市建委、市城市规划管理局(以下简称市规划局)和市土地管理局批准,单独拨地建设外,都应纳入开发区,实行统一建设,不再单独拨地。凡纳入开发区的建设项目,可由建设单位带着项目投资和
建设材料计划指标向开发公司预购房屋,也可由建设单位按照开发区建设规划的要求,在开发区内自行组织建设。
二、城市建设综合开发,实行以商品住宅为主的房产经营和土地开发经营。
1、开发公司在开发区内组织建设的住宅、厂房、旅馆、商店、办公楼等商品房,必须由有基本建设计划的单位或经批准的个人购买或承租。开发公司可向购房单位或个人预收订金。
2、建设单位经批准在开发区内自行组织建设的,应根据建设用地开发的情况,向开发公司支付建设用地开发费。
3、建设用地开发费和商品房价格实行级差基价制。建设用地开发费的收费标准和商品住宅价格由市建委、市计委同市物价局、市房地产管理局(以下简称房管局)等部门制订;其他商品房实行指导价格,可由买卖双方根据指导价格议定。配套建设的粮店、副食店、中小学校、托幼园
所和行政管理用房等配套项目,分别由各主管部门安排所属单位向开发公司预购。所需资金,由开发公司从开发区住宅建设综合成本中提取一定数量费用,交市计委统筹安排给各主管部门使用。
三、调整城市建设投资结构,配套建设开发区的市政、公用设施。
1、市政、公用设施应与房屋建筑统一规划、配套建设,同时交付使用。开发区外部的市政、公用设施,由市计委安排建设计划,由市建委组织有关单位建设;开发区内的市政、公用设施,由开发公司组织建设。
2、承担开发区建设的开发公司,每年应从收取的建设用地开发费和商品房销售收入中提取15%上缴市财政,专户存入建设银行,由市计委、市建委统筹安排,用于开发区外部的市政、公用设施建设。此项费用纳入综合开发成本。
3、建设单位均应按《北京市人民政府关于在规划市区内征收城市基础设施“四源”建设费的暂行规定》,缴纳“四源”建设费,经批准分散建设的单位,还须按规定相应负担城市市政干管到建筑工程支管的投资和建设。
四、新区建设与旧城改造紧密结合,加速旧城的改造。
1、承担新区建设的开发公司应承担相应规模的旧城改造任务,旧城改造所需拆迁安置用房由开发公司自行平衡解决。以新区建设为主的开发公司,每年至少应提供其新建商品住宅的30%,作为拆迁安置用户,由市建委安排用于市政建设拆迁安置,或提供给主要承担旧城改造的开发
公司拆迁安置使用。
2、对主要承担旧城改造的开发公司,可根据开发工作的难度,适当降低其上缴利润的比例,但降低幅度不得超过15%。
3、旧城改造的拆迁安置,必须按《北京市建设拆迁安置办法》的有关规定从严掌握。被拆迁户要求在原地或城市中心区内安置的,仍按其原正式房屋居住面积相应安置。被拆迁户人口较多要求增加住房面积的,应安置在城市中心区以外的地区。对不要求安置的被拆迁户,由开发公司
或建设单位给予一次性补助费,补助数额由房管部门根据实际情况确定。对自找周转房的被拆迁户,可适当提高补贴标准。
五、城市建设综合开发计划经市政府城市建设综合开发领导小组审定后,根据开发区的规模,由市建委、市计委下达给有关区政府或开发公司组织实施。
1、开发区的详细规划,由市规划部门编制,或由承担开发区建设的开发公司按照市规划部门提出的规划要求组织有关单位编制后,报市规划部门审定。规模较大或较重要的开发区的详细规划,须经市政府批准,并设立规划设计总负责人。
2、开发区的建设,由开发公司统一组织的,其建筑设计由开发公司依据详细规划组织编制;建设单位自行组织建设的,其建筑设计由建设单位组织编制。建筑设计应按《北京市城市建设规划管理暂行办法》的规定,报市规划局审定后,由市规划局发给建设许可证。对统一组织建设的
开发区的建筑设计,应予优先审批。
3、开发区的拆迁安置方案,由开发公司编制,或委托开发区所在区的有关部门编制,经房管部门批准后,由当地区政府组织有关部门和开发公司实施。
4、开发区实行施工总包责任制。施工总包单位负责编制开发区施工组织总设计,并应征得开发公司同意。重要开发区的施工组织总设计,由市建委审定。建设单位在开发区内自建的建筑工程,施工时应服从开发区施工组织总设计的要求。
开发区的开工建设,由市建委根据建设条件落实情况分期或一次审批。
六、城市建设的综合开发,统一由开发公司组织进行。城市建设主管部门要加强对开发公司的行业管理。
1、开发公司为全民所有制的经济实体,实行自主经营、独立核算、自负盈亏。开发公司在国家规定的免税期满后,经营仍有困难的,经税务部门批准,可继续在一定时期内减免所得税。
2、开发公司经营实现的利润,在免缴所得税期间,应上缴市财政55%;免税期满后的上缴比例,由市建委会同有关部门另行确定。开发公司的留利,主要用于企业发展基金、后备基金和职工福利或奖励基金。各项基金的比例,由市建委会同市建设银行核定。
3、市建委是本市开发公司的行业管理机关,负责开发公司的开业审批、资质审查和制订行业发展政策、规划等工作。
七、发挥市、区两级积极性,依靠区政府,搞好开发区的规划、建设和管理。
1、区政府应参加本区内开发区的规划和建设计划的编制,负责组织区综合开发计划的实施,全面负责本区内所有开发区的征地、拆迁安置等组织领导工作,并负责建成区的管理。
2、开发公司的上缴利润,应视各区开发建设情况,返还有关区财政40%至60%。返还部分主要用于补助旧城改造和建成区的维护管理。
八、加强对城市建设综合开发的监督管理。
综合开发计划的实施,由市建委、市计委负责监督。
开发区的建设施工、开发公司的经营管理,由市建委负责监督。
开发区建设规划、建筑设计的审查和实施,由市规划局负责监督。
开发区建设资金的筹集、使用,由市建设银行负责监督。
九、市政府成立城市建设综合开发领导小组,负责审查综合开发计划,研究制定有关政策,协调各管理部门的关系,解决综合开发事业中的重大问题。
市政府城市建设综合开发领导小组由主管副市长任组长,由市建委、市计委、市规划办、市市政管理委员会、市商业委员会、市政府文教办公室、市规划局、市土地管理局、市房管局、市市政工程总公司、市公用局、市环境卫生局、市供电局、市公安局、市建设银行等有关部门的负责
同志参加。
市政府城市建设综合开发领导小组办公室设在市建委。
城近郊各区也可设立领导小组,负责领导本区的综合开发工作。
十、本规定具体执行中的问题,由市建委负责解释。
十一、本规定自1987年7月1日起施行。



1987年7月7日

批转市财政局拟订的《天津市征收农业特产税实施办法》

天津市政府


批转市财政局拟订的《天津市征收农业特产税实施办法》
天津市政府



各区、县人民政府,各委、局,各直属单位:
市人民政府同意市财政局拟订的《天津市征收农业特产税实施办法》,现转发给你们,望遵照执行。

天津市征收农业特产税实施办法
第一条 为了合理调节农林牧渔各业生产收入,公平税负,促进农业生产全面发展,根据《国务院关于对农业特产收入征收农业税的规定》(国务院令第143号)和财政部《关于农业特产税征收具体事项的通知》(〔94〕财农税字第7号),结合我市实际情况,制定本办法。
第二条 凡在我市境内从事生产本办法规定的应税农业特产品的单位和个人,包括集体经济组织、合作经济组织、企业(含外商投资企业、外国企业)、行政事业单位、部队、学校、团体、寺庙以及经营承包户和其他个人,均为农业特产农业税(以下简称农业特产税)的纳税义务人(
以下简称纳税人),都应依照本办法的规定缴纳农业特产税(税率按附表一执行)。
凡收购和经营本办法规定范围内的农业特产品的单位和个人,应当按照收购金额和规定的税率缴纳农业特产税(税率按附表二执行)。
由征收机关确定的农业特产税代扣代缴义务人,应从收购所支付的金额中代扣代缴农业特产税。
第三条 对生产下列农业特产品的收入,征收农业特产税:
(一)园艺收入,包括水果、干果、药材、花卉、苗木、蚕茧、果用瓜(含西瓜、甜瓜、香瓜)和芦笋等收入;
(二)水产品收入,包括海淡水养殖、滩涂养殖、水生植物及捕捞产品等收入;
(三)林木收入,包括原木、木本油料、其他林木收入;
(四)食用菌收入,包括各种鲜菇、干菇、香菇、干鲜木耳等收入;
(五)贵重食品收入,包括海参、燕窝、鲍鱼、鱼翅、鱼唇、干贝等收入;
(六)其他未列入的农业特产品收入。
第四条 收购和经营下列农业特产品的单位和个人,缴纳农业特产税:
(一)烟叶产品,包括晾晒烟叶、烤烟叶;
(二)水产品,包括海淡水养殖、海淡水捕捞及水生植物产品;
(三)林木产品,包括原木及天然树脂(不含天然橡胶);
(四)牲畜产品,包括牛皮、猪皮、羊毛、兔毛、羊绒;
(五)贵重物品,包括海参、鲍鱼、燕窝、鱼翅、鱼唇、干贝。
第五条 农业特产税税目、税率,依照本办法所附的农业特产税税目税率表执行。
第六条 农业特产税的应纳税额,按照农业特产品实际收入和规定的税率计算核定。农业特产品实际收入以人民币计算。
应税农业特产品的实际收入,一般由当地征收机关按照应税农业特产品实际产量和国家规定的收购价格或者市场中等收购价格计算核定。其计算公式为:农业特产品实际收入=实际产量×收购价格。
收购、经营单位或个人缴纳税款的应纳税额,按其收购金额(含价外收入和其他各种补贴性收入)和适用税率计算核定。
第七条 农业特产税在产地、收购环节据实征收。
对农业特产税的征收,应根据农业特产品的生产、经营、销售的不同情况,本着有利于掌握税源,避免疏漏的原则,采取不同的征收方法。
(一)产地直接征收。由征收机关直接在产地组织征收。具体征收方法为:对国营、集体单位查帐征收;对集体或承包者评产征收。
(二)代理征收。征收机关依照规定可委托其他单位和个人组织征收;对农业特产品交售给收购单位和个人的,可委托收购单位和个人代征;对税源稳定、征收任务大、征收人员少的,可委托村民委员会代征。
(三)市场征收。进驻农业特产品专业批发市场,从生产者出售的农业特产品价款中直接征收。对生产者直接到其他市场出售农业特产品的,可实行市场稽查征收。
第八条 农业特产税在产品收获、收购后征收。农业特产品的收获之日,纳税义务即发生,纳税人应在生产所在地缴纳;农业特产品的收购之日,纳税义务即发生,纳税人应在收购地缴纳;纳税人应自纳税义务发生之日起的30日内,向当地征收机关申报纳税。
第九条 到外地销售或者委托外地经营应税农业特产品,纳税后并持有销售地征收机关开具完税证明的,回原地后不再纳税。
第十条 税款的征解入库期限,由当地征收机关根据纳税人的生产、收购情况及纳税额大小,分别核定为10日、15日、20日、30日。
代扣代缴义务人解缴税款的期限为5日至10日。
第十一条 对下列情形给予减税或免税:
(一)农业科研机构、农业技术推广机构和农业院校进行科研试验所取得的农业特产收入,在试验期间按核定的范围给予免税;
(二)利用山区新开发的荒山、荒坡从事农业特产品生产的,从有收入起3-7年内免税;利用平原新垦荒地和滩涂、水面从事农业特产品生产的,从有收入起1-3年内免税;
(三)对少数贫困地区及其他地区中尚未解决温饱的贫困户纳税确有困难的,准予免税;
(四)对因严重自然灾害造成农业特产品歉收的,酌情给予减税、免税照顾;
(五)国家确定的对发展高产高效优质农业具有导向作用的名特优新产品,在其经济效益较低的发展初期,从有收入起1-3年内准予免税。
农业特产税的减、免由纳税人提出申请,经乡级征收机关审核,区、县征收机关批准,报市征收机关备案。
第十二条 收购应税农业特产品的单位和个人,经批准均可依法为农业特产税代扣代缴义务人。具体代扣代缴义务人由区、县征收机关审核后报市征收机关批准,并发给全市统一的委托代扣代缴证书。代扣代缴义务人要按照规定依法代扣代缴税款,当地征收机关视情况付给一定的手续
费。
第十三条 各类纳税人(包括企事业单位、负责缴纳税款的收购单位、代扣代缴义务人)的,登记帐簿、使用凭证和纳税申报,征收机关对纳税人偷税、欠税、抗税行为的处理,对代扣代缴义务人未按规定履行代扣代缴税款责任的处罚等,均按照《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》中
有关规定执行。
第十四条 农业特产税不征地方附加。
第十五条 各地征收的农业特产税收入,应坚持取之于农、用之于农的原则,将主要部分用于本地区发展农林牧渔特产生产。
第十六条 征收农业特产税使用全市统一印制的税票。
征收机关征收税款和代扣代缴义务人代扣代缴税款时,要给纳税人开具与所缴税款额相同的税票。不允许欠开税票,也不得将不同纳税人、不同次纳税的税款合计开大税票。
第十七条 各级征收机关要把农业特产税征管工作抓好,切实搞好政策宣传,使农业特产税征收工作能够得到广大群众和全社会的理解与支持。要有领导、有组织、有计划地进行税源的调查和核实,并搞好与有关部门的配合、协作。
第十八条 从1994纳税年度起,农业特产税依照本办法计算征收。
第十九条 本办法由市财政局负责解释。
第二十条 本办法自发布之日起执行。原有农林特产税和对农林牧水产品征收产品税的有关规定同时废止。
附:一、农业特产税税目税率表(生产环节)
二、农业特产税税目税率表(收购环节)
附一:农业特产税税目税率表
(生产环节)
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| 税 目 |税 率| 税 目 |税 率|
| |(%)| |(%)|
|--------|---|--------------|---|
|一、园艺品 | | 海淡水捕捞、水生植物 | 8 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 苹 果 |12 |三、林木产品 | |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 梨 |12 | 原 木 | 8 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 其他水果 |10 | 核桃、板栗 | 8 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 干 果 |10 | 其他林木产品 | 5 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 药 材 | 5 |四、牲畜产品 | |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 芦 笋 | 5 | 牛皮、猪皮、羊皮 |10 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 花 卉 | 5 | 羊毛、兔毛、羊绒、驼绒 |10 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 西 瓜 | 8 |五、食用菌 | |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 蚕 茧 | 8 | 鲜菇、香菇、干菇 | 8 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 其他 | 5 | 鲜木耳、干木耳 | 8 |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
|二、水产品 | |六、贵重物品 | |
|--------|---|--------------|---|
| 海淡水、滩涂| 8 | 鲍鱼、海参、鱼翅、燕窝、| |
|养殖 | |干贝、鱼唇 | |
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附二:农业特产税税目税率表
(收购环节)
---------------------------------
| 税 目 |税 率| 税 目 |税 率|
| |(%)| |(%)|
|---------|---|-------------|---|
|一、烟叶产品 | | 原 木 | 8 |
|---------|---|-------------|---|
| 晾晒烟叶 |31 |四、牲畜产品 | |
|---------|---|-------------|---|
| 烤烟叶 |31 | 牛皮、猪皮、羊皮 |10 |
|---------|---|-------------|---|
|二、水产品 | | 羊毛、兔毛、羊绒、驼绒|10 |
|---------|---|-------------|---|
| 海淡水养殖、滩| 5 |五、贵重食品 | |
|涂养殖 | | | |
|---------|---|-------------|---|
| 海淡水捕捞、水| 5 | 鲍鱼、海参、鱼翅、燕 |25 |
|生植物 | |窝、干贝、鱼唇 | |
|---------|---|-------------|---|
|三、林木产品 | | | |
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1994年7月15日