CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE

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CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


 CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 216)
 CONTENTS
  
  ion
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  II    INCORPORATION AND POWERS
  ncorporation of Consumer Council
  unctions of Council
  owers of Council
  embership of Council
  eetings of Council
  ommittees
  isclosure of member's interest
  Appointment of staff and advisers
  Documents of Council
  III    FINANCIAL
  Resources of Council
  Borrowing powers
  Investment of funds
  Estimates
  Accounts, audit and annual report
  IV    GENERAL
  Council not servant or agent of Crown
  Governor may give directions
  Protection of members of Council and committees
  Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's name for
advertisement
  oses
  Transitional provisions
  dule
 Whole document
  
  ncorporate the Consumer Council, to define its functions and 
powers,
  egative personal liability of members and employees for the 
Council's
  ts committees' acts or omissions, and for connected purposes.
  July 1977] L. N. 167 of 1977
 PART I PRELIMINARY
  
  hort title
  Ordinance may be cited as the Consumer Council Ordinance.
  nterpretation
  his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
  ncil" means the Consumer Council incorporated by section 3 (1);
  ancial year" means each period of 12 months ending with 31 March;
  ber" means a member of the Council.
 PART II INCORPORATION AND POWERS
  
  ncorporation of Consumer Council
  The Consumer Council existing at the commencement of this
Ordinance is
  by created a body corporate consisting of the persons who from
time to
  hold office as members of the Council.
  The Council shall have perpetual succession and a common 
seal and
  l be capable of suing and being sued and of doing and suffering 
all
  other acts and things as bodies corporate may lawfully do and
suffer.
  The Council shall continue to be known in the Chinese language
as.
  unctions of Council
  The functions of the Council are to protect and promote the 
interests
  onsumers of goods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and 
lessees
  mmovable property by--
  collecting, receiving and disseminating
  rmation concerning goods, services and immovable property;
  receiving and examining complaints by and giving advice to 
consumers
  oods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and lessees of 
immovable
  erty;
  taking such action as it thinks justified by information 
in its
  ession, including tendering advice to the Government or to any 
public
  cer;
  encouraging business and professional associations to
  blish codes of practice to regulate the activities of their
members;
  undertaking such other functions as the Council may adopt 
with the
  r approval of the Governor in Council.
  The Governor may be notice in writing to the Council 
declare any
  s, services or immovable property or class of goods, 
services or
  vable property to be outside the scope of the Council's 
functions
  r subsection (1).
  In subsection (1) and in section 5 (2) (c) "goods and services" 
does
  include goods and services which are--
  supplied by--
  the Government, the Urban Council or the Regional Council; or
(Amended
  f 1985 s. 60)
  a body mentioned in the Schedule; or
  made the subject of a declaration under subsection (2).
  The Governor in Council may, by order published in the Gazette, 
amend
  Schedule. (Amended 5 of 1992 s. 2)
  owers of Council
  The Council may do such things as are reasonably necessary to 
enable
  o carry out its functions.
  Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), the Council 
may
  arrying out its functions--
  acquire, hold and dispose of all kinds of property 
movable and
  vable and in any manner which it thinks fit;
  enter into any contract;
  undertake the testing and examination of goods and 
services and
  ection of immovable property; (Amended 5 of 1992s. 3)
  produce or distribute, by way of sale or otherwise, any 
publication
  h is of interest to consumers;
  do any thing which it may do under this ordinance in 
association or
  peration with any other person or sponsor any other person to do 
that
  g;
  charge for the use of any facility or service provided by the
Council;
  with the prior approval of the Governor, become a member 
of or
  liate to any international body concerned with consumer matters.
  
  embership of Council
  The Council shall consist of the following members--
  a Chairman who shall be appointed by the Governor for a 
term not
  eding 2 years;
  a Vice-Chairman who shall be appointed by the Governor for a term 
not
  eding 2 years; and (Replaced 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  not more than 20 other persons each of whom shall be appointed
by the
  rnor for a term not exceeding 2 years. (Replaced 28 of 1989 s.
2)
  The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and any other member 
appointed under
  ection (1) (c) may be reappointed upon expiry of their 
respective
  s of office. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and any other member 
appointed under
  ection (1) (c) may at any time-- (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  resign his office by notice to the Governor; or
  be removed therefrom by the Governor for permanent incapacity or
other
  icient cause, and upon such resignation or removal the term for 
which
  as appointed shall be deemed to have expired.
  Where the Chairman, Vice-Chairman or any other member appointed 
under
  ection (1) (c) is precluded by temporary incapacity or other 
cause
  exercising his functions as such for any period the 
Governor may
  int another person to act in place of the Chairman Vice-
Chairman or
  r member during such period with all such rights, powers, 
duties or
  ilities as if he had been appointed under subsection (1). (Amended 
28
  985s. 2)
  (Replaced 28 of 1985s. 2)
  Where any question arises under subsection (3) or (4) as to 
whether
  incapacity or cause exists or whether any incapacity is 
temporary or
  anent or any cause sufficient, the decision of the Governor 
thereon
  l be final.
  eetings of Council
  Meetings of the Council shall be held at such times and places
as the
  cil, the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman may from 
time
  ime appoint.
  The following procedural provisions shall apply to
  y meeting of the Council and subject thereto the Council may 
regulate
  own procedure--
  at meetings of the Council 11 members shall form a quorum; 
(Replaced
  f 1989 s. 3. Amended 5 of 1992 s. 4)
  the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman shall preside
or, if
  are absent or disqualified under section 9 (c), the members 
present
  l appoint one of their number to preside;
  every question shall be determined by a majority of votes 
of the
  ers present and voting thereon;
  in the event of an equality of votes the member presiding shall
have a
  ing vote in addition to his ordinary vote.
  nded 28 of 1985 s. 3)
  
  ommittees
  The Council may appoint committees and may delegate to 
them the
  cise and performance of any of its powers and functions except 
this
  r of delegation.
  Persons who are not members of the Council are
  ible for appointment to committees.
  Subject to the terms of any delegation by the 
Council, every
  ittee--
  may exercise and perform the delegated powers and functions
  the same effect as if it were the Council itself;
  shall be presumed to be acting in accordance with the terms of 
the
  gation in the absence of proof to the contrary;
  may regulate its own procedure.
  isclosure of member's interest
  member of the Council, or of any committee of the Council, 
has a
  ct or indirect commercial interest in any matter under discussion
at a
  ing of the Council or of the committee, being an interest greater
than
  which he has as a member of the general public, the 
following
  isions shall apply--
  he shall disclose the nature of his interest at the meeting;
  the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes;
  where the disclosure is made by the member presiding, he shall 
vacate
  chair during the discussion;
  the member (including one who has vacated the chair under
paragraph
  shall, if so required by the member presiding, withdraw 
from the
  ing during the discussion and shall not in any case, 
except as
  rwise determined by the member presiding, vote on any 
resolution
  erning the matter or be counted for the purpose of establishing 
the
  tence of a quorum.
  Appointment of staff and advisers
  Subject to subsection (4), the Council shall appoint a person to 
hold
  office of Chief Executive. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 4)
  The Council may appoint such other employees as it thinks 
fit and
  ect to subsection (4), determine all matters relating 
to their
  neratior and terms and conditions of appointment or employment.
  The Council may engage the services of technical and 
professional
  sers in such manner and on such terms and conditions as it thinks
fit.
  The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Governor to--
  any appointment proposed to be made under subsection (1) and the
terms
  conditions thereof;
  the suspension or dismissal of the Chief Executive;
  the salary or salary scale (including allowances and other 
pecuniary
  fits) and conditions of employment applicable to the Chief 
Executive
  every other employee or class employee, and any variation
thereof.
  nded 28 of 1985 s. 4)
  No person shall be employed by the Council otherwise than on the
salar
  alary scale or on the conditions of employment applicable to that
pers
  oved by the Governor under subsection (4).
  
  Documents of Council
  The Council may make and execute all such documents as may 
expedient
  or conducive to the exercise and performance of its power 
functions
  duties.
  The fixing of the seal of the Council to any document
  l--
  be authorized by resolution of the Council; and
  be authenticated by the signatures of any 2 members 
authorize by
  lution of the Council, either generally or specially, to ao for 
that
  ose.
  Any document purporting to be duly executed under the seal 
of the
  cil shall, unless the contrary is proved, be considered to be 
duly
  uted.
  Any contract or instrument which if entered into or executed 
by a
  on not being a body corporate would not be required to be in the 
form
  deed may be entered into or executed on behalf of the Council by 
any
  on generally or specially authorized by the Council for that 
purpose.
 PART III FINANCIAL
  
  Resources of Council
  The Governor may, out of money appropriated for the purpose 
by the
  slative Council, authorize payment to the Consumer Council 
of such
  nts as he thinks fit.
  The resources of the Council shall consist
  
  all money received by the Council pursuant to subsection (1);
  money paid to the Council by way of donations, fees, 
subscriptions,
  and interest;
  all other money and property, including accumulations of 
income,
  ived by the Council for its purposes.
  Borrowing powers
  Council may, with the approval of the Financial Secretary, 
borrow or
  rwise raise money and charge all or any part of its 
property as
  rity therefor.
  Investment of funds
  money of the Council that is not immediately required 
shall be
  sted--
  on fixed deposit in any bank or savings bank approved by the
  ncial Secretary, either generally or in any particular case, for 
the
  ose; or
  in such other forms of investment as the Financial 
Secretary may
  ove.
  Estimates
  Council shall in each financial year adopt estimates of 
income and
  nditure for the ensuing financial year and, before a date 
to be
  inted by the Financial Secretary, send them to the Governor for 
his
  oval together with a programme of its proposed activities 
for the
  ing financial year.
  
  Accounts, audit and annual report
  The Council shall keep proper accounts and proper records in 
relation
  eto and shall within 3 months after the expiry of a financial year,
or
  further period as the Financial Secretary may allow, 
prepare a
  ement of the accounts of the Council, which statement shall
include an
  me and expenditure account and a balance sheet.
  The Council
  l, subject to subsection (3), appoint an auditor, who 
shall be
  tled to have access at any time to all books of account, vouchers 
and
  r financial records of the Council and to require such information
and
  anations relating thereto as he thinks fit.
  The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Financial
Secretary
  ny appointment proposed to be made under subsection (2).
  The auditor shall, as soon as is practicable, audit the 
accounts
  ired by subsection (1) and shall submit a report thereon 
to the
  cil.
  The Council shall within 3 months after the receipt by it 
of the
  tor's report in respect of its accounts for a financial 
year, or
  in such further period as the Financial Secretary may allow,
furnish--
  a report on the affairs of the Council for that year;
  a copy of its accounts therefor; and
  the auditor's report on the accounts, to the Governor who shall 
cause
  same to be tabled in the Legislative Council.
 PART IV GENERAL
  
  Council not servant or agent of Crown
  Council is not a servant or agent of the Crown and does not enjoy 
any
  us, immunity or privilege of the Crown.
  Governor may give directions
  The Governor may, if he considers that the public 
interest so
  ires, give to the Council such directions as he thinks 
fit with
  ect to the exercise and performance by the Council of its 
powers,
  tions and duties under this Ordinance, either generally or 
in any
  icular case.
  The Council shall comply with any direction given to 
it under
  ection (1).
  Protection of members of Council and committees
  No member or employee of the Council or of any committee 
of the
  cil shall be personally liable for any act done or default made--
  by the Council; or
  by any committee of the Council, acting in good faith in the course
of
  operations of the Council or of the committee.
  The protection hereby conferred on members and employees 
of the
  cil or of a committee in respect of any act or default shall not 
in
  way affect any liability of the Council for that act or default.
  
  Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's name for 
advertisement
  oses
  No person shall, with a view to promoting or disparaging any
  s, services or immovable property or promoting the image 
of any
  on, publish or cause to be published any advertisement which 
either
  essly or by implication makes reference to--
  the Council;
  any committee, member, agent or employee of the Council;
  the Council's publication or finding of tests or surveys
conducted by
  n behalf of the Council; or
  any other information published by the Council, without 
written
  ent of the Council.
  Any person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence 
and is
  le to a fine of $ 100,000.
  For the purpose of subsection (1) "advertisement" may be 
constituted
  ny words, whether written or spoken, or any picture, drawing, 
visual
  e, figure or article--
  appearing in any publication; or
  brought to the notice of the public or any section of the public 
in
  other way. (Replaced 5 of 1992 s. 5)
  Transitional provisions
  All property of whatever kind and whether movable or immovable 
vested
  r belonging to the Consumer Council existing at the 
commencement of
  Ordinance shall as from that date vest in or belong to that 
Council
  ts corporate capacity without any further assurance.
  All obligations and liabilities of the said Consumer Council 
are as
  the commencement of this Ordinance the obligations and
liabilities of
  Council in its corporate capacity.
  Where anything has been commenced by or under the authority 
of the
  Consumer Council before the commencement of this Ordinance such
thing
  be carried on any completed by the Council in its corporate
capacity.
  Every person who immediately before the commencement of this
Ordinance
  s an appointment as Chairman, Executive Director or a member of 
the
  Consumer Council is, as from such commencement but subject to 
the
  s of his appointment, the Chairman, Executive Director, or a
member of
  Council, as the case may be, for the purposes of this Ordinance.
  Notwithstanding the definition of "financial year" in section 
2 the
  od between the commencement of this Ordinance and 31 March 1978 
shall
  eemed to be a financial year.
  No stamp duty shall be payable in respect of any transfer of 
property
  r this section.
 SCHEDULE
  
  Television Limited
  a Light and Power Company, Limited
  a Motor Bus Company, Limited
  Cross-Harbour Tunnel Company, Limited
  Marketing Organization
  Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited
  Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Company Limited

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吉林省人民政府办公厅转发吉林省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组制订的清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构及脱钩改制工作方案的通知

吉林省人民政府办公厅


吉林省人民政府办公厅转发吉林省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组制订的清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构及脱钩改制工作方案的通知


吉政办发〔2000〕107号


各市州、县(市)人民政府,省政府各厅委、各直属机构:

吉林省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组制订的《吉林省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构及脱钩改制工作方案》已经省政府同意,现转发给你们,请认真组织实施。


吉林省人民政府办公厅
二○○○年九月十五日\

吉林省清理整顿经济鉴证类
社会中介机构及脱钩改制工作方案

省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组
(2000年9月)

根据《国务院办公厅关于清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构的通知》(国办发〔1999〕92号)和《国务院办公厅转发国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组关于经济鉴证类社会中介机构与政府部门实行脱钩改制意见的通知》(国办发〔2000〕51号)精神,结合我省情况,特制订全省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构及脱钩改制工作方案。

一、清理整顿的目标和范围

(一)清理整顿的目标。

规范经济鉴证类中介市场的资格认定;建立健全与社会主义市场经济相适应的中介行业管理体制和符合市场经济要求的自律性运行机制,依据市场规则进行中介机构的脱钩改制;依法规范理顺政府部门和行业管理组织对中介机构的监督、指导和管理;促进中介机构独立、客观、公正地执业,使其真正成为自主经营、自担风险、自我约束、自我发展、平等竞争的中介组织。

(二)清理整顿的范围。

清理整顿工作的范围是:与市场经济运行和市场经济活动有着密切关系,对维护市场秩序具有重要作用的,依靠专业知识和技能向社会提供专业服务并承担相应法律责任的社会中介机构。即所有挂靠政府部门及其下属单位(以下简称“挂靠单位”)的经济鉴证类社会中介机构和相关的行业管理组织。其中经济鉴证类社会中介机构,包括以财务会计相关专业知识为基础的行业;以房地产、工程技术相关专业知识为基础的行业和依法律相关知识为基础的行业所属的中介机构。如注册会计师、注册资产评估师、注册税务师、房地产估价师、土地估价师、造价工程师、价格鉴证师、乡镇企业资产评估师、农村集体资产评估机构,律师、公证机构,基层法律服务机构,专利代理、商标代理、版权代理、社会法律咨询服务以及从事上述行业业务的其他称谓的专业服务组织。行业管理组织是指上述相关的行业管理协会、公会、管理中心等组织。

对上述经济鉴证类社会中介机构的清理整顿和脱钩改制工作,采取上下结合的方式一并进行,一步到位,一次完成。

二、清理整顿的内容和期限

(一) 清查登记。由省政府各有关部门向所属中介机构发出清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构和从业人员及行业管理组织情况调查表,具体填报所属中介机构的名称、执业范围、从业人员数量、执业资格名称、取得程序、考试科目、机构组织形式、设立时间、法律依据、执业规范以及管理机关和行业组织的有关情况等内容。由行业主管部门汇总后,在9月20日前报省领导小组办公室。同时,省清理整顿领导小组及办公室要对地方性的中介资格设立情况进行清理,凡地方设立的涉及经济鉴证类中介机构的资格认定和市场准入,一律予以取消。

(二) 分类处理。在清查登记的基础上,按照国办发〔1999〕92号文件要求,先由主管部门审核并提出初步处理意见,再进行分类处理。分类处理的基本原则是:凡职能重叠、业务交叉的中介机构予以合并归类,凡设置不合理、管理混乱的中介机构予以撤销;凡依法设立、定位准确、管理体系健全,运作规范的中介机构及其管理组织予以保留。

(三)归类合并、统一管理。要按照国务院关于经济鉴证类社会中介行业实行“归类合并、统一管理”的要求,根据国家三行业合并的模式,进行省注册会计师协会、注册评估师协会、注册税务师管理中心“三行业”合并,做到一个协会、一套班子、一套机构,三种资格并存,实行三个行业统一管理。其他经济鉴证类社会中介行业的归类合并或规范管理工作,要按照国务院清理整顿领导小组的决定进行。

三、脱钩改制的内容和期限

(一)脱钩改制的范围。包括全省所有挂靠政府部门及其下属单位(含挂靠事业单位、企业、社会团体或其他机构、组织)的经济鉴证类社会中介机构。其中:已实现自收自支的国资律师事务所,应按照国家有关规定进行脱钩改制;未实现自收自支,仍依靠财政补贴的国资律师事务所暂不进行脱钩改制。已按有关规定完成脱钩改制或无挂靠单位的中介机构,应按国家有关规定进行规范。

(二)脱钩的内容。挂靠单位必须与中介机构在人员、财务(包括资金、实物、财产权利等)、业务、名称等方面彻底脱钩。

1.人员脱钩。中介机构的从业人员由挂靠单位的行政或事业编制人员变为社会专业服务行业从业者,其人事档案转由所在地县以上(含县)政府人事部门所属的人才流动服务机构或政府人事部门认可的有关机构管理。

2.财务脱钩。挂靠单位不再是中介机构的投资者,不再享有所有者权益,也不得以任何形式从中介机构谋取不正当经济利益。

3.业务脱钩。中介机构不再是挂靠单位的所属机构,与挂靠单位不再有隶属关系,不再承担属于挂靠单位的任何行政职能。政府部门不得为中介机构招揽、指定业务或干预中介机构执业。

4.名称脱钩。中介机构与挂靠单位脱钩后,其名称不得冠有挂靠单位的名称字样或痕迹,未经批准不得冠有“吉林省”等字样,也不得仅以行政区域或地名、资格或职能作为其名称。

(三)改制的组织形式。中介机构要按照国家有关法律、法规规定的组织形式,由具有专业执业资格的人员出资发起设立。具体组织形式为:

1.合伙制。由2名以上具有专业执业资格的人员合伙发起设立(法律、法规另有规定的除外)。合伙人按照协议约定或法律规定,以各自的财产承担法律责任,对中介机构的债务承担无限连带责任。

2.有限责任制。由5名以上具有专业执业资格的人员共同出资发起设立(法律、法规另有规定的除外)。出资人以其出资额为限承担法律责任,中介机构以其全部财产对其债务承担责任。

(四)脱钩改制的实施。

1.中介机构的脱钩工作由挂靠单位负责组织实施。挂靠单位应与中介机构就脱钩工作进行协商,明确脱钩进度,达成脱钩协议,提出脱钩方案。在脱钩过程中,挂靠单位与所属中介机构应根据国家有关法律法规的规定,协商确定中介机构人员安置方案,妥善安置其人员。脱钩方案及脱钩协议应报行业主管部门审核备案。

2.挂靠单位应负责组织搞好对其所属中介机构的资产清查、财务审计、产权界定和资产处置等项工作。进行资产清查和财务审计的截止日期应作为产权界定和资产处置的基准日。挂靠单位应委托会计师事务所对其进行资产清查,财务审计,出具审计报告。要通过资产清查、财务审计,查清中介机构全部资产状况,清理债权债务,处理财务收支中违法违规的问题。要注意防止借改制之机,弄虚作假,搞虚盈实亏或隐瞒转移财产、收入,变相私分。对历年遗留的应收应付、长期投资、盘盈、盘亏、毁损资产等待处理事项,应认真清理核实,经有关部门批准后,纳入财务审计程序处理,不得遗留挂帐。

挂靠单位委托会计师事务所对中介机构进行财务审计时,中介机构要提供真实、合法的会计资料和会计报表;受委托的会计师事务所和注册会计师要恪守独立、客观、公正的执业原则,对出具报告的真实性和合法性负责,并承担相应的法律责任。

3.挂靠单位的同级国有资产管理部门(或财政部门)应根据国家有关规定,负责中介机构的产权界定,认定国有资产,出具有关报告。

4.上述步骤完成后,中介机构凭有效文件到原登记管理机关办理相关的各项终止手续。

5.中介机构的改制工作,由中介机构按照国家和本方案的规定进行。全省行业主管部门或行业协会要根据国家有关法律和上级主管部门的规定,结合本行业的特点,制定相应政策,如对改制后中介机构应具备的法定条件、注册资本、首席发起人(法定代表人)、发起人(合伙人)、出资人的条件及其产生的程序,改制方案的内容、中介机构改制应报送的材料等,做出明确规定,积极引导,组织实施。

6.中介机构应依据国家有关法律、法规和规定,制定改制方案,民主协商改制形式,产生首席发起人、发起人(合伙人)、出资人,制定的章程和出资人协议、合伙人协议,须经出资人大会讨论通过,并由公证机构进行公证。

7.中介机构确定了改制方案,并完成了各项相关工作后,应向行业主管部门提交改制报告,经审查批准后到登记管理机关办理重新设立手续。行业主管部门审查批准中介机构的文件等相关材料应抄送省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组办公室1份。

(五)脱钩改制期限。中介机构的脱钩工作和改制工作应同步进行。全省所有中介机构应于2000年10月31日前完成脱钩改制,并由其行业主管部门统一将行业的脱钩改制情况报省清理整顿领导小组办公室。逾期未完成脱钩改制工作的中介机构,一律停止执业或注销其执业资格。

(六)脱钩改制工作中相关问题的处理。

1.产权界定和资产处置:中介机构国有资产的产权界定和资产处置,应坚持“谁投资,谁拥有产权”的原则,按照国家有关规定进行,在确保国有资产不流失的前提下,应适当考虑专业人员智力劳动积累形成的资产因素。

对中介机构的国有资产以及挂靠单位过去无偿提供给中介机构使用的国有资产,经挂靠单位与中介机构协商,可以由挂靠单位一次性收回,也可视情况全部或部分以租用或长期借款等形式租借给改制后的中介机构。其中,办公用房等不动产的租金应参照当地同类不动产平均租金水平确定;借款利息应参照银行同期贷款利率确定。具体由挂靠单位和中介机构根据实际情况协商,确定资产处置方案,并签订有关的资产处置协议。

2.人员安置:中介机构脱钩改制基准日前,凡是挂靠单位编制内人员安排到中介机构工作的(包括在中介机构已办理离退休手续人员),在脱钩改制中,可根据本人意愿和挂靠单位的具体情况,由挂靠单位妥善解决;因挂靠单位机构改革等原因无法安置造成人员下岗的,中介机构应按照国家有关规定办理社会养老、医疗、失业保险,并根据实际情况支付相应的安置费用。中介机构自行录用(含以挂靠单位名义调入)的人员,一律由中介机构按人事、劳动部门的规定处理;凡未按国家有关规定办理社会养老、医疗、失业保险的应予补办。

中介机构在脱钩改制中,同等条件下要优先安排使用原有在编人员;不能安排使用的,要妥善做好安置工作。安置费用和各项社会保障统筹费用原则上从中介机构的资产中解决,不足部分由中介机构与挂靠单位协商解决。

挂靠单位和中介机构确无能力支付下岗人员安置费用和各项社会保障统筹费用的,各有关部门应按国家和我省的有关规定,妥善解决好下岗人员的基本生活和再就业问题。

(七)脱钩改制中有关工作要求。

1.按照国家规定要求,凡已经纳入脱钩改制范围,尚未开展行业脱钩改制工作的,除未实现自收自支,仍依靠财政补贴的国资律师事务所暂不进行脱钩改制,以及经国务院领导小组确认不列为中介行业的不实行脱钩改制以外,其余均必须严格按要求进行脱钩改制。全省行业主管部门应根据所属行业的实际情况,做好宣传动员,依照国办发〔2000〕51号文件精神和上级主管部门制定的具体实施办法执行。

2.已经按有关规定完成脱钩改制或正在进行脱钩改制以及没有挂靠单位的中介机构,都要按国办发〔2000〕51号文件精神进行规范。同时,对照国办发〔2000〕51号文件精神,对存在的原则性政策差异或相抵触的,应提出规范办法并立即予以纠正。

3.各行业的脱钩改制工作,由行业主管部门和行业协会统一领导并组织实施。即原则上由全国行业主管部门及行业协会统一组织,省级行业主管部门及行业协会负责实施,行业规模较小的,也可由全国行业主管部门和行业协会具体组织实施;同时,全省各中介行业的主管部门或行业协会,要将所属中介机构脱钩改制的完成情况报送上级主管部门和省清理整顿领导小组办公室。

省清理整顿领导小组及办公室负责制定全省中介机构脱钩改制操作程序的规范性意见,协调相关部门开展工作及监督、检查脱钩改制的进度及政策执行情况,汇总全省中介机构脱钩改制情况,报国务院清理整顿领导小组办公室。

四、规范管理

在经济鉴证类社会中介机构脱钩改制的同时,要不断完善经济鉴证类社会中介行业的法规建设,明确不同中介行业的政府监督或指导部门;统一经济鉴证类社会中介机构组织形式;依法设立执业资格,实行资格考试制度,明确执业机构和人员的法律责任;依法确定政府监督或指导部门、行业管理组织的管理权限和运作模式。

五、组织领导

(一)各地区、各部门要把清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构作为一项严肃的政治任务,按照国家的统一部署,依照国家法律、法规和本工作方案的要求,加强组织领导,扎扎实实地抓好落实,确保按时完成清理整顿工作。

(二)要严格按照国家有关法律、法规的规定,正确处理国家、集体和个人利益,确保国有资产不流失。挂靠单位对收回的国有资产,应严格登记制度和财务管理;对违法违规行为,要追究有关负责人和直接责任人的责任,构成犯罪的要移送司法机关依法追究刑事责任。

(三)要处理好改革、发展和稳定的关系,挂靠单位要积极引导和推动这项改革工作,确保队伍不散,服务不断,秩序不乱。

(四)要切实加强对这项工作的领导和指导,对脱钩改制中介机构的各项申报材料要认真审核,及时审批。各有关部门要大力支持,密切配合。

(五)改制期间,暂停审批设立新的社会中介机构和行业管理组织。严禁其他单位、组织或个人通过改制收购或变相收购现有的中介机构。

六、成立办事机构

为加强领导,便于协调,经省政府同意,已成立吉林省清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组,在省政府领导下开展工作。领导小组成员由省财政厅、体改办、计委、经贸委、监察厅、司法厅、民政厅、国土资源厅、建设厅、工商局、省政府法制局、国税局、地税局、物价局等部门组成,省政府副秘书长程文贵任组长,省财政厅厅长矫正中、省政府体改办副主任李长太任副组长。领导小组主要负责推动清理整顿和脱钩改制,及对行业协会的合并和归类工作进行领导和监督,研究制定有关政策,协调处理和解决清理整顿及改制中遇到的重大问题。

领导小组下设办公室,主要负责落实各项具体工作。办公室由省财政厅、省政府体改办、省政府法制局、省注协等部门抽调人员组成。办公室内设工作组和顾问咨询组。工作组负责落实和处理日常工作,按照领导小组的部署,清理设立的地方性的中介资格,监督检查脱钩改制进度和政策执行情况,协调有关部门开展工作,同时搞好调查研究,起草有关规范性意见、方案,提出建议,为领导决策提供依据。各行业主管部门应确定1名专职联络员,负责与办公室联系。顾问咨询组由经济鉴证类社会中介行业执业界的专业人士和法律界人士组成,实行专题会议制度,根据不同阶段的相关问题,向领导小组提供专业和法律等方面的咨询,及对政策意向和建议提出意见。

领导小组及办公室的后勤保障工作由吉林省注册会计师协会负责。在省注协办公楼内设专门的办公场所,其经费由省财政厅给予适当资助,确保这项工作的顺利进行。


拾金罪:路不拾遗的启示——评深圳机场女清洁工“捡”金案

旷继东



  “路不拾遗”这个成语,以前一直理解为对良好社会秩序和人们高尚道德的描述,自从出了深圳机场女清洁工梁丽“捡”金被捕并有可能以盗窃罪起诉的案件后,我对“路不拾遗”一下子有了更“深刻”的理解:原来人们之所以不拾遗,不是因为素质高,而主要是不敢拾遗,否则,看到路边一个东西捡回家,如果只是垃圾废品则罢,万一要是金子又或珠宝,极有可能变成了小偷,将面临终生的牢狱之灾,就太不值当了。
  

  这样看来,“路不拾遗”并不是什么好现象。如果哪个社会真的达到了这种状态,大概也是跟“刑弃灰于道”的严刑峻法相联系的。而现在要对梁丽定盗窃罪的深圳公安部门,是否正是想让深圳街头达到这样一种“路不拾遗”呢?
  

  笔者注意到在该案引起广泛讨论之后,深圳检察院曾做过表态,即案件已退回补充侦查,检察院尚无倾向性意见(http://www.scol.com.cn/focus/zgsz/20090513/200951373121.htm),记得类似的表态在杭州飙车案中也有出现,即交警部门在答复有关案件的定性时说,定交通肇事罪还是以危险方法危害公共安全罪,最后要由法院说了算,并且反复强调交通肇事罪也是属于危害公共安全罪中的一类,言下之意是大家不用瞎操心控方的倾向性意见了,只要等法院最后的判决结果就好。因此,在作出上述表态之后,对于“捡金”案,并不妨碍检察院以涉嫌盗窃罪批准公安机关对梁丽逮捕,而对于“飙车”案,也并不妨碍公安部门以交通肇事罪开展侦查工作。
  

  但事实上,对于刑事案件,公安部门和检察机关的“倾向性”意见是必定会从一开始就存在的,并且会对案件的最后走向产生极大的影响。
  

  在梁丽捡金案中,只存在三种定性的可能,即盗窃罪,侵占罪,以及不构成犯罪。由于侵占罪属于告诉才处理的自诉罪,因此,只有盗窃罪才需要公安和检察院介入。而从梁丽被以涉嫌盗窃罪逮捕的那一刻起,实际上检察院已经存在了定性的倾向性意见,至于后面的退回补充侦查,也只能是要求侦查机关补充盗窃罪的证据,而断无可能补充侵占罪或无罪的证据,否则,就应当解除羁押作不起诉处理了。
  

  笔者一向是赞同司法机关独立办案的,特别是在案件处理完之前,不应当受到公众或相关单位人员的过多干涉(事实上,办案机关受到后者的干涉往往更为普遍)。而要独立办案,则必定要有自己的倾向性意见,不能因为公众的质疑就左右摇摆,甚至直接否认存在倾向性意见。事实上,如果检察院对移交审查起诉的案件还没有形成倾向性意见,又如何指导侦查机关补充侦查?又如何在法庭上与辩护人形成针锋相对的指控?因此,在笔者看来,检察机关完全不必遮遮掩掩隐藏自己的“倾向性意见”,越是如此,仿佛在公众面前树立了一种貌似公正的办案形象,反而越显得没有独立司法的底气,难免会引起更多的怀疑。
  

  不过,上述分析并不表明笔者认同检察机关对案件定性的判断。笔者看来,将梁丽拾金案定性为盗窃,是有违常理也是不符合法律规定的,具体理由如下:
  

  首先,也是最关键的一点,梁丽对金饰的占有,源于捡,而不是盗。在刑法上,盗窃罪的构成必须符合秘密窃取的条件,而本案装金饰的盒子,完全是由于持有人的疏忽,遗忘在公共场所,更重要的是遗忘在梁丽负责打扫卫生的垃圾桶旁边,并且长时间无人看管,从常理来判断,这个盒子即使不能看成遗弃物,也应属遗忘物,因此,梁丽将盒子拿到洗手间存放并最后带回家的行为,只可能是拾捡,而不会是盗窃。
  

  其次,梁丽的行为不能因盒子里装有物品的价值差异而做不同的定性。如果盒子里装的是一个破损的玩具,想必公安机关是不会认定为盗窃的,但现在是价值300万的金饰,梁丽的行为是否就存在了质的差别?在笔者看来,由于当时持有人已经失去了对盒子的管控,任何在机场往来的行人都有可能将盒子带走,事实上已经形成了一种无人看管的状态,在这种情况下,即使该盒子包装良好,并且明确写明内装价值300万的金饰,梁丽的行为也不能构成盗窃。其对金饰的占有,仍属于无因管理的范畴,至于其后是否产生了据为己有的目的,并不能改变之前捡拾行为的性质。
  

  第三,更进一步来说,即使梁丽从一开始就明知该盒子装有金饰,并存在占为己有的目的,由于她是在公共场合,且盒子实质上处于无主状态下占有的,这也只能构成侵占的故意,至于能否按侵占罪定罪,也还要看是否存在“拒不归还”的行为。梁丽虽然事后没有主动归还失主,而是在公安机关做了长时间(仅20分钟)思想工作后被动交出,但这仍不符合“拒不归还”的特点。深圳大学的法学教授吴学斌认为,“梁丽把纸箱带回了家,这个结果就可以称为拒不交还了”(参见:女清洁工 捡 300万金饰案:律师激辩如何量刑http://www.ycwb.com.cn/news/2009-05/18/content_2137197.htm),笔者认为这种观点有违常理。所谓“拒”者,一定是对应于“求”的,也就是说先有失主或司法机关的依法讨要,才有后面的“拒不归还”,断无可能梁丽连失主是谁都不知道,也没有听到任何索取通知的情况下,就单方面构成“拒不归还”了。相反,本案中,司法机关上门讨要后,梁丽并没有将金饰隐藏转移,而是当场就已经归还。这种归还,虽然在公安机关看来是做思想工作的结果,但在笔者看来,只要当时办案人员不是拿着搜查令过去的,没有采取合法的强制措施,梁丽即在自己的家里讲金饰主动全部交出,应完全视为主动归还。
  

  总之,笔者认为,从现有新闻披露的这些事实来看,梁丽的行为不仅不能构成盗窃罪,甚至连侵占罪也够不上。如果本案最终被司法机关认定为盗窃罪或者侵占罪,笔者认为,这将极大地影响正常的社会秩序。
  

  记得小时候的一首歌,“我在马路边,捡到一分钱,交到警察叔叔手里边”,但我们现有的法律除了对某些特定人员(如失物招领处工作人员)外,并没有“拾物必须交公,否则违法”的规定。事实上也不可能有这样的规定,否则,我们只要捡到失物,就将触犯该规定,除非“警察叔叔”能随时跟在我们身边。
  

  因此,拾物不交公的行为要是入罪的话,也是难以概括在盗窃罪或侵占罪之内的,而只能创造一种全新的罪名——拾金罪,即只要捡到有价值的东西,就可以构成。如此一来,本文开始提到的现象——“路不拾遗”真的是可能实现了。

旷继东
北京市金开律师事务所
电话: 13522671774
E-mail:kuangjd@sina.com